While Taric is a weird combination of Warden and Enchanter gameplay wise, most people play him like an Enchanter with only a couple of Warden / Tank items.
Here, I present to you the Warden Taric build. Avoiding most Enchanter items, as they are not necessary for the way we're going to play him.

Nowadays, a lot of the top champions / popular picks are AD, it is quite common to see teams with 3-4 champions that deal mostly Physical damage. Even more likely to happen if you ban one of your AP counter picks.

What do we do? We stack armor. We scale with armor. We become an unkillable force impossible to duel with by most champions ill prepared for it. We're going in hard and raw and nothing can stop us. At least until you meet the 5-0 Sylas mid while trying to ward river because your mid laner is coin flipping the game and Sylas decided to start roaming.
Now, you don't need to stack armor for the build to be effective, but it is the most likely/ common outcome in the current meta. Which makes this build extra good because you scale with it.

We're playing Taric as a Warden + Engage Support hybrid in terms of playstyle. Engage as often as possible and stop enemy engages if the fight doesn't seem favourable. You can do both as long as you know how to use your E well.

Instead of relying on your team to do the dirty work, you're the one doing it. You have to now rely on your team to follow up properly instead, which might not work sometimes in solo queue as most players do not understand how strong Taric and his engages can be, but the same goes for the enemy team, which can make them drop their guard against you. This part of the play style could be a double edged sword, but with a premade / in a group that knows what you're doing, or if you simply take the time to explain it to your team, it really shines. People really do underestimate how much a Taric allowed to spam Q and auto attacks can do, and this build allows you to do that more often and efficiently as well since you can actually survive long enough in melee range due to not being squishy at all.

This item gets it's own entire section. It's completely busted. Not only is the item ~108% gold efficient in raw stats alone, but it also has every single stat you'd want on Taric aside of HP. 80 Armor, 20 AH and 400 mana all on a 2500 gold item, with the attack speed slowing aura on top of that! Truly makes you an unstoppable force when dueling early game, or in any fight for a fact. Every stat and effect in this item improves your fighting ability and how long you can fight for. And in bot lane, it affects two enemies, or up to five at how often bot lane has been a clown fiesta lately for me.

In ideal circumstances you can 1v2 with this item alone, and if you can't, you can stall long enough and burn enough resources for someone to come help you and get the free picks. Nothing impressive, but a demonstration clip here.

Core item, insane, absolutely busted. Must have as either 1st or 2nd item unless the enemy team is over 2 AP or some other situational circumstances occur.

Now generally, on passive / reactive builds and play styles of Taric you'd go Guardian, but this is not what we're doing.
We're building to be tanky and to scale off of it, and it would be a shame if we did not take Aftershock. We're basically doing the same as a Leona, Alistar or Nautilus here, with the exception that compared to them we also have strong disengage tools.

Aftershock is huge, it makes your passive do more damage, can easily do 2-4 auto attacks with enchanced damage from it, you also take a lot less damage during it, and it deals nice AOE damage. You don't need Guardian to block one ability when instead you can just kill your opponents faster and survive longer anyways.
Also good to take in general when you're building conditioning, and we also take shield bash which scales with it, so it just keeps adding and adding stats to your abilities.

Now, I've got some numbers in practice tool, and I was using Level 9 Taric comparing Locket first item to Frozen Heart first item, and no other items.

Target: 1300 HP, 50 resistances.

Time to kill with Frozen Heart: ~6 Seconds
Time to kill with Locket: ~8 Seconds

Frozen Heart: Able to fight for ~23 seconds before running out of mana, spamming every ability on cooldown.
Locket: Able to fight for ~13 seconds before running out of mana, spamming every ability on cooldown.

170 Armor - 50 MR with Frozen Heart. 115 Armor - 70 MR with Locket.